Rust bindings: Add Rust bindings

This patch includes Actions and their tests. Missing:

- Events
- Examples

Rust bindings: Add create / close functions

Rust bindings: Add 4 bindings tests

Rust bindings: Add generator of structs

Rust bindings: Add generator of structs for optional arguments

Rust bindings: Add generator of function signatures

Rust bindings: Complete actions

Rust bindings: Fix memory management

Rust bindings: Add bindtests

Rust bindings: Add additional 4 bindings tests

Rust bindings: Format test files

Rust bindings: Incorporate bindings to build system

Makefile.am

@@ -151,6 +151,9 @@ endif
 if HAVE_GOLANG
 SUBDIRS += golang golang/examples
 endif
+if HAVE_RUST
+SUBDIRS += rust
+endif
 
 # Unconditional because nothing is built yet.
 SUBDIRS += csharp

configure.ac

@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ HEADING([Checking for Go])
 m4_include([m4/guestfs-golang.m4])
 HEADING([Checking for GObject Introspection])
 m4_include([m4/guestfs-gobject.m4])
+HEADING([Checking for Rust])
+m4_include([m4/guestfs-rust.m4])
 HEADING([Checking for Vala])
 VAPIGEN_CHECK
 
@@ -315,6 +317,8 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                  ruby/Rakefile
                  ruby/examples/Makefile
                  ruby/ext/guestfs/extconf.rb
+                 rust/Makefile
+                 rust/Cargo.toml
                  sparsify/Makefile
                  sysprep/Makefile
                  test-data/Makefile
@@ -433,6 +437,8 @@ AS_ECHO_N(["Vala bindings ....................... "])
 if test "x$ENABLE_VAPIGEN_TRUE" = "x"; then echo "yes"; else echo "no"; fi
 AS_ECHO_N(["bash completion ..................... "])
 if test "x$HAVE_BASH_COMPLETION_TRUE" = "x"; then echo "yes"; else echo "no"; fi
+AS_ECHO_N(["Rust bindings ....................... "])
+if test "x$HAVE_RUST_TRUE" = "x"; then echo "yes"; else echo "no"; fi
 echo
 echo "If any optional component is configured 'no' when you expected 'yes'"
 echo "then you should check the preceding messages."

generator/Makefile.am

@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ sources = \
 	python.mli \
 	ruby.ml \
 	ruby.mli \
+	rust.ml \
+	rust.mli \
 	structs.ml \
 	structs.mli \
 	tests_c_api.ml \
@@ -161,6 +163,7 @@ objects = \
 	lua.cmo \
 	GObject.cmo \
 	golang.cmo \
+	rust.cmo \
 	bindtests.cmo \
 	errnostring.cmo \
 	customize.cmo \

generator/bindtests.ml

@@ -983,6 +983,73 @@ and generate_php_bindtests () =
 
   dump "bindtests"
 
+and generate_rust_bindtests () =
+  let copywrites = ["Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>"] in
+  generate_header ~copywrites:copywrites CStyle GPLv2plus;
+
+  pr "extern crate guestfs;\n";
+  pr "use guestfs::*;\n";
+  pr "use std::default::Default;\n";
+  pr "\n";
+  pr "fn main() {\n";
+  pr "    let g = match Handle::create() {\n";
+  pr "        Ok(g) => g,\n";
+  pr "        Err(e) => panic!(format!(\" could not create handle {:?}\", e)),\n";
+  pr "    };\n";
+  generate_lang_bindtests (
+    fun f args optargs ->
+      pr "    g.%s(" f;
+      let needs_comma = ref false in
+      List.iter (
+        fun arg ->
+          if !needs_comma then pr ", ";
+          needs_comma := true;
+          match arg with
+          | CallString s -> pr "\"%s\"" s
+          | CallOptString None -> pr "None"
+          | CallOptString (Some s) -> pr "Some(\"%s\")" s
+          | CallStringList xs ->
+            pr "&vec![%s]"
+              (String.concat ", " (List.map (sprintf "\"%s\"") xs))
+          | CallInt i -> pr "%d" i
+          | CallInt64 i -> pr "%Ldi64" i
+          | CallBool b -> pr "%b" b
+          | CallBuffer s ->
+            let f = fun x -> sprintf "%d" (Char.code x) in
+            pr "&[%s]"
+              (String.concat ", " (List.map f (String.explode s)))
+      ) args;
+      if !needs_comma then pr ", ";
+      (match optargs with
+       | None -> pr "Default::default()"
+       | Some optargs ->
+         pr "%sOptArgs{" (Rust.snake2caml f);
+         needs_comma := false;
+         List.iter (
+           fun optarg ->
+             if !needs_comma then pr ", ";
+             needs_comma := true;
+             match optarg with
+             | CallOBool (n, v) ->
+               pr "%s: Some(%b)" n v
+             | CallOInt (n, v) ->
+               pr "%s: Some(%d)" n v
+             | CallOInt64 (n, v) ->
+               pr "%s: Some(%Ldi64)" n v
+             | CallOString (n, v) ->
+               pr "%s: Some(\"%s\")" n v
+             | CallOStringList (n, xs) ->
+               pr "%s: Some(&[%s])"
+                 n (String.concat ", " (List.map (sprintf "\"%s\"") xs))
+         ) optargs;
+         if !needs_comma then pr ", ";
+         pr ".. Default::default()}";
+      );
+      pr ").expect(\"failed to run\");\n";
+  );
+  pr "    println!(\"EOF\");\n";
+  pr "}\n";
+
 (* Language-independent bindings tests - we do it this way to
  * ensure there is parity in testing bindings across all languages.
  *)

generator/bindtests.mli

@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@ val generate_perl_bindtests : unit -> unit
 val generate_php_bindtests : unit -> unit
 val generate_python_bindtests : unit -> unit
 val generate_ruby_bindtests : unit -> unit
+val generate_rust_bindtests : unit -> unit

generator/docstrings.ml

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ type comment_style =
   | ErlangStyle | LuaStyle | PODStyle
 type license = GPLv2plus | LGPLv2plus
 
-let generate_header ?(inputs = []) ?emacs_mode comment license =
+let generate_header ?(copywrites = ["Red Hat Inc."]) ?(inputs = []) ?emacs_mode comment license =
   let c = match comment with
     | CStyle ->         pr "/* "; " *"
     | CPlusPlusStyle -> pr "// "; "//"
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ let generate_header ?(inputs = []) ?emacs_mode comment license =
   );
   pr "%s ANY CHANGES YOU MAKE TO THIS FILE WILL BE LOST.\n" c;
   pr "%s\n" c;
-  pr "%s Copyright (C) %s Red Hat Inc.\n" c copyright_years;
+  List.iter (fun x ->
+      pr "%s Copyright (C) %s %s\n" c copyright_years x;
+    ) copywrites;
   pr "%s\n" c;
   (match license with
    | GPLv2plus ->

generator/docstrings.mli

@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ val version_added : Types.action -> string option
 
 val copyright_years : string
 
-val generate_header : ?inputs:string list -> ?emacs_mode:string -> comment_style -> license -> unit
+val generate_header : ?copywrites:string list -> ?inputs:string list -> ?emacs_mode:string -> comment_style -> license -> unit

generator/main.ml

@@ -363,6 +363,11 @@ Run it from the top source directory using the command
   output_to "customize/customize-options.pod"
             Customize.generate_customize_options_pod;
 
+  output_to "rust/src/guestfs.rs"
+            Rust.generate_rust;
+  output_to "rust/src/bin/bindtests.rs"
+            Bindtests.generate_rust_bindtests;
+
   (* Generate the list of files generated -- last. *)
   printf "generated %d lines of code\n" (get_lines_generated ());
   let files = List.sort compare (get_files_generated ()) in

generator/rust.ml

@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+(* libguestfs
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+*)
+
+(* Please read generator/README first. *)
+
+open Std_utils
+open Types
+open Utils
+open Pr
+open Docstrings
+open Optgroups
+open Actions
+open Structs
+open C
+open Events
+
+let copywrites = ["Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>"]
+
+(* Utilities for Rust *)
+(* Are there corresponding functions to them? *)
+(* Should they be placed in utils.ml? *)
+let rec indent = function
+  | x when x > 0 -> pr "    "; indent (x - 1)
+  | _ -> ()
+
+let snake2caml name =
+  let l = String.nsplit "_" name in
+  let l = List.map String.capitalize_ascii l in
+  String.concat "" l
+
+(* because there is a function which contains 'unsafe' field *)
+let black_list = ["unsafe"]
+
+let translate_bad_symbols s =
+  if List.mem s black_list then
+    s ^ "_"
+  else
+    s
+
+let generate_rust () =
+  generate_header ~copywrites:copywrites CStyle LGPLv2plus;
+
+  pr "
+use crate::base::*;
+use crate::utils::*;
+use crate::error::*;
+use std::collections;
+use std::convert;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::ffi;
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_void};
+use std::ptr;
+use std::slice;
+
+extern \"C\" {
+    fn free(buf: *const c_void);
+}
+";
+
+  List.iter (
+    fun { s_camel_name = name; s_name = c_name; s_cols = cols } ->
+      pr "\n";
+      pr "pub struct %s {\n" name;
+      List.iter (
+        function
+        | n, FChar -> pr "    pub %s: i8,\n" n
+        | n, FString -> pr "    pub %s: String,\n" n
+        | n, FBuffer -> pr "    pub %s: Vec<u8>,\n" n
+        | n, FUInt32 -> pr "    pub %s: u32,\n" n
+        | n, FInt32 -> pr "    pub %s: i32,\n" n
+        | n, (FUInt64 | FBytes) -> pr "    pub %s: u64,\n" n
+        | n, FInt64 -> pr "    pub %s: i64,\n" n
+        | n, FUUID -> pr "    pub %s: UUID,\n" n
+        | n, FOptPercent -> pr "    pub %s: Option<f32>,\n" n
+      ) cols;
+      pr "}\n";
+      pr "#[repr(C)]\n";
+      pr "struct Raw%s {\n" name;
+      List.iter (
+        function
+        | n, FChar -> pr "    %s: c_char,\n" n
+        | n, FString -> pr "    %s: *const c_char,\n" n
+        | n, FBuffer ->
+          pr "    %s_len: usize,\n" n;
+          pr "    %s: *const c_char,\n" n;
+        | n, FUUID -> pr "    %s: [u8; 32],\n" n
+        | n, FUInt32 -> pr "    %s: u32,\n" n
+        | n, FInt32 -> pr "    %s: i32,\n" n
+        | n, (FUInt64 | FBytes) -> pr "    %s: u64,\n" n
+        | n, FInt64 -> pr "    %s: i64,\n" n
+        | n, FOptPercent -> pr "    %s: f32,\n" n
+      ) cols;
+      pr "}\n";
+      pr "\n";
+      pr "impl TryFrom<*const Raw%s> for %s {\n" name name;
+      pr "    type Error = Error;\n";
+      pr "    fn try_from(raw: *const Raw%s) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {\n" name;
+      pr "        Ok(unsafe {\n";
+      pr "            %s {\n" name;
+      List.iter (
+        fun x ->
+          indent 4;
+          match x with
+          | n, FChar ->
+            pr "%s: (*raw).%s as i8,\n" n n;
+          | n, FString ->
+            pr "%s: char_ptr_to_string((*raw).%s)?,\n" n n;
+          | n, FBuffer ->
+            pr "%s: slice::from_raw_parts((*raw).%s as *const u8, (*raw).%s_len).to_vec(),\n" n n n
+          | n, FUUID ->
+            pr "%s: UUID::new((*raw).%s),\n" n n
+          | n, (FUInt32 | FInt32 | FUInt64 | FInt64 | FBytes) ->
+            pr "%s: (*raw).%s,\n" n n
+          | n, FOptPercent ->
+            pr "%s: if (*raw).%s < 0.0 {\n" n n;
+            indent 4; pr "    None\n";
+            indent 4; pr "} else {\n";
+            indent 4; pr "    Some((*raw).%s)\n" n;
+            indent 4; pr"},\n"
+      ) cols;
+      pr "            }\n";
+      pr "        })\n";
+      pr "    }\n";
+      pr "}\n"
+  ) external_structs;
+
+  (* generate free functionf of structs *)
+  pr "\n";
+  pr "extern \"C\" {\n";
+  List.iter (
+    fun {  s_camel_name = name; s_name = c_name; } ->
+      pr "    #[allow(dead_code)]\n";
+      pr "    fn guestfs_free_%s(v: *const Raw%s);\n" c_name name;
+      pr "    #[allow(dead_code)]\n";
+      pr "    fn guestfs_free_%s_list(l: *const RawList<Raw%s>);\n" c_name name;
+  ) external_structs;
+  pr "}\n";
+
+  (* [Outline] There are three types for each optional structs: SOptArgs,
+   * CExprSOptArgs, RawSOptArgs.
+   * SOptArgs: for Rust bindings' API. This can be seen by bindings' users.
+   * CExprSOptArgs: Each field has C expression(e.g. CString, *const c_char)
+   * RawSOptArgs: Each field has raw pointers or integer values
+   *
+   * SOptArgs ---try_into()---> CExprSOptArgs ---to_raw()---> RawSOptArgs
+   *
+   * Note: direct translation from SOptArgs to RawSOptArgs will cause a memory
+   * management problem. Using into_raw/from_raw, this problem can be avoided,
+   * but it is complex to handle freeing memories manually in Rust because of
+   * panic/?/etc.
+   *)
+  (* generate structs for optional arguments *)
+  List.iter (
+    fun ({ name = name; shortdesc = shortdesc;
+          style = (ret, args, optargs) }) ->
+      let cname = snake2caml name in
+      let contains_ptr =
+        List.exists (
+          function
+          | OString _
+          | OStringList _ -> true
+          | _ -> false
+        )
+      in
+      let opt_life_parameter = if contains_ptr optargs then "<'a>" else "" in
+      if optargs <> [] then (
+        pr "\n";
+        pr "/* Optional Structs */\n";
+        pr "#[derive(Default)]\n";
+        pr "pub struct %sOptArgs%s {\n" cname opt_life_parameter;
+        List.iter (
+          fun optarg ->
+            let n = translate_bad_symbols (name_of_optargt optarg) in
+            match optarg with
+            | OBool _ ->
+              pr "    pub %s: Option<bool>,\n" n
+            | OInt _ ->
+              pr "    pub %s: Option<i32>,\n" n
+            | OInt64 _ ->
+              pr "    pub %s: Option<i64>,\n" n
+            | OString _ ->
+              pr "    pub %s: Option<&'a str>,\n" n
+            | OStringList _ ->
+              pr "    pub %s: Option<&'a [&'a str]>,\n" n
+        ) optargs;
+        pr "}\n\n";
+
+        pr "struct CExpr%sOptArgs {\n" cname;
+        List.iter (
+          fun optarg ->
+            let n = translate_bad_symbols (name_of_optargt optarg) in
+            match optarg with
+            | OBool _ | OInt _ ->
+              pr "    %s: Option<c_int>,\n" n
+            | OInt64 _ ->
+              pr "    %s: Option<i64>,\n" n
+            | OString _ ->
+              pr "    %s: Option<ffi::CString>,\n" n
+            | OStringList _ ->
+              (* buffers and their pointer vector *)
+              pr "    %s: Option<(Vec<ffi::CString>, Vec<*const c_char>)>,\n" n
+        ) optargs;
+        pr "}\n\n";
+
+        pr "impl%s TryFrom<%sOptArgs%s> for CExpr%sOptArgs {\n"
+          opt_life_parameter cname opt_life_parameter cname;
+        pr "    type Error = Error;\n";
+        pr "    fn try_from(optargs: %sOptArgs%s) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {\n" cname opt_life_parameter;
+        pr "        Ok(CExpr%sOptArgs {\n" cname;
+        List.iteri (
+          fun index optarg ->
+            let n = translate_bad_symbols (name_of_optargt optarg) in
+            match optarg with
+            | OBool _ ->
+              pr "        %s: optargs.%s.map(|b| if b { 1 } else { 0 }),\n" n n;
+            | OInt _ | OInt64 _  ->
+              pr "        %s: optargs.%s, \n" n n;
+            | OString _ ->
+              pr "        %s: optargs.%s.map(|v| ffi::CString::new(v)).transpose()?,\n" n n;
+            | OStringList _ ->
+              pr "        %s: optargs.%s.map(\n" n n;
+              pr "                |v| Ok::<_, Error>({\n";
+              pr "                         let v = arg_string_list(v)?;\n";
+              pr "                         let mut w = (&v).into_iter()\n";
+              pr "                                         .map(|v| v.as_ptr())\n";
+              pr "                                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n";
+              pr "                         w.push(ptr::null());\n";
+              pr "                         (v, w)\n";
+              pr "                    })\n";
+              pr "                ).transpose()?,\n";
+        ) optargs;
+        pr "         })\n";
+        pr "    }\n";
+        pr "}\n";
+
+        (* raw struct for C bindings *)
+        pr "#[repr(C)]\n";
+        pr "struct Raw%sOptArgs {\n" cname;
+        pr "    bitmask: u64,\n";
+        List.iter (
+          fun optarg ->
+            let n = translate_bad_symbols (name_of_optargt optarg) in
+            match optarg with
+            | OBool _ ->
+              pr "    %s: c_int,\n" n
+            | OInt _ ->
+              pr "    %s: c_int,\n" n
+            | OInt64 _ ->
+              pr "    %s: i64,\n" n
+            | OString _ ->
+              pr "    %s: *const c_char,\n" n
+            | OStringList _ ->
+              pr "    %s: *const *const c_char,\n" n
+        ) optargs;
+        pr "}\n\n";
+
+        pr "impl convert::From<&CExpr%sOptArgs> for Raw%sOptArgs {\n"
+          cname cname;
+        pr "    fn from(optargs: &CExpr%sOptArgs) -> Self {\n" cname;
+        pr "        let mut bitmask = 0;\n";
+        pr "        Raw%sOptArgs {\n" cname;
+        List.iteri (
+          fun index optarg ->
+            let n = translate_bad_symbols (name_of_optargt optarg) in
+            match optarg with
+            | OBool _ | OInt _ | OInt64 _  ->
+              pr "        %s: if let Some(v) = optargs.%s {\n" n n;
+              pr "            bitmask |= 1 << %d;\n" index;
+              pr "            v\n";
+              pr "        } else {\n";
+              pr "            0\n";
+              pr "        },\n";
+            | OString _ ->
+              pr "        %s: if let Some(ref v) = optargs.%s {\n" n n;
+              pr "            bitmask |= 1 << %d;\n" index;
+              pr "            v.as_ptr()\n";
+              pr "        } else {\n";
+              pr "            ptr::null()\n";
+              pr "        },\n";
+            | OStringList _ ->
+              pr "        %s: if let Some((_, ref v)) = optargs.%s {\n" n n;
+              pr "            bitmask |= 1 << %d;\n" index;
+              pr "            v.as_ptr()\n";
+              pr "        } else {\n";
+              pr "            ptr::null()\n";
+              pr "        },\n";
+        ) optargs;
+        pr "              bitmask,\n";
+        pr "         }\n";
+        pr "    }\n";
+        pr "}\n";
+      );
+  ) (actions |> external_functions |> sort);
+
+  (* extern C APIs *)
+  pr "extern \"C\" {\n";
+  List.iter (
+    fun ({ name = name; shortdesc = shortdesc;
+          style = (ret, args, optargs) } as f) ->
+      let cname = snake2caml name in
+      pr "    #[allow(non_snake_case)]\n";
+      pr "    fn %s(g: *const guestfs_h" f.c_function;
+      List.iter (
+        fun arg ->
+          pr ", ";
+          match arg with
+          | Bool n -> pr "%s: c_int" n
+          | String (_, n) -> pr "%s: *const c_char" n
+          | OptString n -> pr "%s: *const c_char" n
+          | Int n -> pr "%s: c_int" n
+          | Int64 n -> pr "%s: i64" n
+          | Pointer (_, n) -> pr "%s: *const ffi::c_void" n
+          | StringList (_, n) -> pr "%s: *const *const c_char" n
+          | BufferIn n -> pr "%s: *const c_char, %s_len: usize" n n
+      ) args;
+      (match ret with
+       | RBufferOut _ -> pr ", size: *const usize"
+       | _ -> ()
+      );
+      if optargs <> [] then
+        pr ", optarg: *const Raw%sOptArgs" cname;
+
+      pr ") -> ";
+
+      (match ret with
+      | RErr | RInt _ | RBool _ -> pr "c_int"
+      | RInt64 _ -> pr "i64"
+      | RConstString _ | RString _ | RConstOptString _  -> pr "*const c_char"
+      | RBufferOut _ -> pr "*const u8"
+      | RStringList _ | RHashtable _-> pr "*const *const c_char"
+      | RStruct (_, n) ->
+        let n = camel_name_of_struct n in
+        pr "*const Raw%s" n
+      | RStructList (_, n) ->
+        let n = camel_name_of_struct n in
+        pr "*const RawList<Raw%s>" n
+      );
+      pr ";\n";
+
+  ) (actions |> external_functions |> sort);
+  pr "}\n";
+
+
+  pr "impl Handle {\n";
+  List.iter (
+    fun ({ name = name; shortdesc = shortdesc; longdesc = longdesc;
+          style = (ret, args, optargs) } as f) ->
+      let cname = snake2caml name in
+      pr "    /// %s\n" shortdesc;
+      pr "    #[allow(non_snake_case)]\n";
+      pr "    pub fn %s" name;
+
+      (* generate arguments *)
+      pr "(&self, ";
+
+      let comma = ref false in
+      List.iter (
+        fun arg ->
+          if !comma then pr ", ";
+          comma := true;
+          match arg with
+          | Bool n -> pr "%s: bool" n
+          | Int n -> pr "%s: i32" n
+          | Int64 n -> pr "%s: i64" n
+          | String (_, n) -> pr "%s: &str" n
+          | OptString n -> pr "%s: Option<&str>" n
+          | StringList (_, n) -> pr "%s: &[&str]" n
+          | BufferIn n -> pr "%s: &[u8]" n
+          | Pointer (_, n) -> pr "%s: *mut c_void" n
+      ) args;
+      if optargs <> [] then (
+        if !comma then pr ", ";
+        comma := true;
+        pr "optargs: %sOptArgs" cname
+      );
+      pr ")";
+
+      (* generate return type *)
+      pr " -> Result<";
+      (match ret with
+      | RErr -> pr "()"
+      | RInt _ -> pr "i32"
+      | RInt64 _ -> pr "i64"
+      | RBool _ -> pr "bool"
+      | RConstString _ -> pr "&'static str"
+      | RString _ -> pr "String"
+      | RConstOptString _ -> pr "Option<&'static str>"
+      | RStringList _ -> pr "Vec<String>"
+      | RStruct (_, sn) ->
+        let sn = camel_name_of_struct sn in
+        pr "%s" sn
+      | RStructList (_, sn) ->
+        let sn = camel_name_of_struct sn in
+        pr "Vec<%s>" sn
+      | RHashtable _ -> pr "collections::HashMap<String, String>"
+      | RBufferOut _ -> pr "Vec<u8>");
+      pr ", Error> {\n";
+
+
+      let _pr = pr in
+      let pr fs = indent 2; pr fs in
+      List.iter (
+        function
+        | Bool n ->
+          pr "let %s = if %s { 1 } else { 0 };\n" n n
+        | String (_, n) ->
+          pr "let c_%s = ffi::CString::new(%s)?;\n" n n;
+        | OptString n ->
+          pr "let c_%s = %s.map(|s| ffi::CString::new(s)).transpose()?;\n" n n;
+        | StringList (_, n) ->
+          pr "let c_%s_v = arg_string_list(%s)?;\n" n n;
+          pr "let mut c_%s = (&c_%s_v).into_iter().map(|v| v.as_ptr()).collect::<Vec<_>>();\n" n n;
+          pr "c_%s.push(ptr::null());\n" n;
+        | BufferIn n ->
+          pr "let c_%s_len = %s.len();\n" n n;
+          pr "let c_%s = unsafe { ffi::CString::from_vec_unchecked(%s.to_vec())};\n" n n;
+        | Int _ | Int64 _ | Pointer _ -> ()
+      ) args;
+
+      (match ret with
+       | RBufferOut _ ->
+         pr "let mut size = 0usize;\n"
+       | _ -> ()
+      );
+
+      if optargs <> [] then (
+        pr "let optargs_cexpr = CExpr%sOptArgs::try_from(optargs)?;\n" cname;
+      );
+
+      pr "\n";
+
+      pr "let r = unsafe { %s(self.g" f.c_function;
+      let pr = _pr in
+      List.iter (
+        fun arg ->
+          pr ", ";
+          match arg with
+          | String (_, n)  -> pr "(&c_%s).as_ptr()" n
+          | OptString n -> pr "match &c_%s { Some(ref s) => s.as_ptr(), None => ptr::null() }\n" n
+          | StringList (_, n) -> pr "(&c_%s).as_ptr() as *const *const c_char" n
+          | Bool n | Int n | Int64 n | Pointer (_, n) -> pr "%s" n
+          | BufferIn n -> pr "(&c_%s).as_ptr(), c_%s_len" n n
+      ) args;
+      (match ret with
+       | RBufferOut _ -> pr ", &mut size as *mut usize"
+       | _ -> ()
+      );
+      if optargs <> [] then (
+        pr ", &(Raw%sOptArgs::from(&optargs_cexpr)) as *const Raw%sOptArgs"
+          cname cname;
+      );
+      pr ") };\n";
+
+      let _pr = pr in
+      let pr fs = indent 2; pr fs in
+      (match errcode_of_ret ret with
+       | `CannotReturnError -> ()
+       | `ErrorIsMinusOne ->
+         pr "if r == -1 {\n";
+         pr "    return Err(self.get_error_from_handle(\"%s\"));\n" name;
+         pr "}\n"
+       | `ErrorIsNULL ->
+         pr "if r.is_null() {\n";
+         pr "    return Err(self.get_error_from_handle(\"%s\"));\n" name;
+         pr "}\n"
+      );
+
+      (* This part is not required, but type system will guarantee that
+       * the buffers are still alive. This is useful because Rust cannot
+       * know whether raw pointers used above are alive or not.
+       *)
+      List.iter (
+        function
+        | Bool _ | Int _ | Int64 _ | Pointer _ -> ()
+        | String (_, n)
+        | OptString n
+        | BufferIn n -> pr "drop(c_%s);\n" n;
+        | StringList (_, n) ->
+          pr "drop(c_%s);\n" n;
+          pr "drop(c_%s_v);\n" n;
+      ) args;
+      if optargs <> [] then (
+        pr "drop(optargs_cexpr);\n";
+      );
+
+      pr "Ok(";
+      let pr = _pr in
+      let pr3 fs = indent 3; pr fs in
+      (match ret with
+       | RErr -> pr "()"
+       | RInt _ | RInt64 _ -> pr "r"
+       | RBool _ -> pr "r != 0"
+       | RConstString _ ->
+         pr "unsafe{ ffi::CStr::from_ptr(r) }.to_str()?"
+       | RString _ ->
+         pr "{\n";
+         pr3 "let s = unsafe { char_ptr_to_string(r) };\n";
+         pr3 "unsafe { free(r as *const c_void) };";
+         pr3 "s?\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+       | RConstOptString _ ->
+         pr "if r.is_null() {\n";
+         pr3 "None\n";
+         indent 2; pr "} else {\n";
+         pr3 "Some(unsafe { ffi::CStr::from_ptr(r) }.to_str()?)\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+       | RStringList _ ->
+         pr "{\n";
+         pr3 "let s = string_list(r);\n";
+         pr3 "free_string_list(r);\n";
+         pr3 "s?\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+       | RStruct (_, n) ->
+         let sn = camel_name_of_struct n in
+         pr "{\n";
+         pr3 "let s = %s::try_from(r);\n" sn;
+         pr3 "unsafe { guestfs_free_%s(r) };\n" n;
+         pr3 "s?\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+       | RStructList (_, n) ->
+         let sn = camel_name_of_struct n in
+         pr "{\n";
+         pr3 "let l = struct_list::<Raw%s, %s>(r);\n" sn sn;
+         pr3 "unsafe { guestfs_free_%s_list(r) };\n" n;
+         pr3 "l?\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+       | RHashtable _ ->
+         pr "{\n";
+         pr3 "let h = hashmap(r);\n";
+         pr3 "free_string_list(r);\n";
+         pr3 "h?\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+       | RBufferOut _ ->
+         pr "{\n";
+         pr3 "let s = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(r, size) }.to_vec();\n";
+         pr3 "unsafe { free(r as *const c_void) } ;\n";
+         pr3 "s\n";
+         indent 2; pr "}";
+      );
+      pr ")\n";
+      pr "    }\n\n"
+  ) (actions |> external_functions |> sort);
+  pr "}\n"

generator/rust.mli

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(* libguestfs
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+*)
+
+val generate_rust: unit -> unit
+
+(* for bindtests.ml *)
+val snake2caml: string -> string

m4/guestfs-rust.m4

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# libguestfs
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+dnl Rust
+AC_ARG_ENABLE([rust],
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-rust], [disable Rust language bindings]),
+        [],
+        [enable_rust=yes])
+AS_IF([test "x$enable_rust" != "xno"],[
+    AC_CHECK_PROG([RUSTC],[rustc],[rustc],[no])
+    AC_CHECK_PROG([CARGO],[cargo],[cargo],[no])
+
+    AS_IF([test "x$RUSTC" == "xno"], [AC_MSG_WARN([rustc not found])])
+    AS_IF([test "x$CARGO" == "xno"], [AC_MSG_WARN([cargo not found])])
+],[
+    RUSTC=no
+    CARGO=no
+    ])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_RUST],[test "x$RUSTC" != "xno" && test "x$CARGO" != "xno"])

run.in

@@ -201,6 +201,16 @@ else
 fi
 export CGO_LDFLAGS
 
+# For rust
+export RUST="@RUST@"
+export CARGO="@CARGO@"
+if [ -z "$RUSTFLAGS" ]; then
+    RUSTFLAGS="-C link-args=-L$b/lib/.libs"
+else
+    RUSTFLAGS="$RUSTFLAGS -C link-args=-L$b/lib/.libs"
+fi
+export RUSTFLAGS
+
 # For GObject, Javascript and friends.
 export GJS="@GJS@"
 prepend GI_TYPELIB_PATH "$b/gobject"

rust/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/target
+**/*.rs.bk
+Cargo.lock

rust/Cargo.toml.in

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# libguestfs Rust tests
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+[package]
+name = "guestfs"
+version = "@VERSION@"
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]

rust/Makefile.am

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# libguestfs rust bindings
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+include $(top_srcdir)/subdir-rules.mk
+
+generator_built = \
+	src/bin/bindtests.rs \
+	src/lib.rs
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	.gitignore \
+	$(generator_built) \
+	tests/*.rs \
+	src/*.rs \
+	Cargo.toml \
+	Cargo.lock \
+	run-bindtests \
+	run-tests
+
+if HAVE_RUST
+
+all: src/lib.rs
+	$(top_builddir)/run $(CARGO) build --release
+
+TESTS = run-bindtests run-tests
+
+CLEANFILES += target/*~
+
+endif
+
+TESTS_ENVIRONMENT = $(top_builddir)/run --test

rust/run-bindtests

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh -
+# libguestfs Rust bindings
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+set -e
+
+$CARGO run --bin bindtests > bindtests.tmp
+diff -u $srcdir/../bindtests bindtests.tmp
+rm bindtests.tmp

rust/run-tests

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh -
+# libguestfs Rust tests
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+set -e
+
+$CARGO test

rust/src/base.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+use crate::error;
+
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub(crate) struct guestfs_h {
+    _unused: [u32; 0],
+}
+
+#[link(name = "guestfs")]
+extern "C" {
+    fn guestfs_create() -> *mut guestfs_h;
+    fn guestfs_create_flags(flags: i64) -> *mut guestfs_h;
+    fn guestfs_close(g: *mut guestfs_h);
+}
+
+const GUESTFS_CREATE_NO_ENVIRONMENT: i64 = 1;
+const GUESTFS_CREATE_NO_CLOSE_ON_EXIT: i64 = 2;
+
+pub struct Handle {
+    pub(crate) g: *mut guestfs_h,
+}
+
+impl Handle {
+    pub fn create() -> Result<Handle, error::Error> {
+        let g = unsafe { guestfs_create() };
+        if g.is_null() {
+            Err(error::Error::Create)
+        } else {
+            Ok(Handle { g })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_flags(flags: CreateFlags) -> Result<Handle, error::Error> {
+        let g = unsafe { guestfs_create_flags(flags.to_libc_int()) };
+        if g.is_null() {
+            Err(error::Error::Create)
+        } else {
+            Ok(Handle { g })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Handle {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { guestfs_close(self.g) }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct CreateFlags {
+    create_no_environment_flag: bool,
+    create_no_close_on_exit_flag: bool,
+}
+
+impl CreateFlags {
+    pub fn none() -> CreateFlags {
+        CreateFlags {
+            create_no_environment_flag: false,
+            create_no_close_on_exit_flag: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new() -> CreateFlags {
+        CreateFlags::none()
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_no_environment(mut self, flag: bool) -> CreateFlags {
+        self.create_no_environment_flag = flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_no_close_on_exit_flag(mut self, flag: bool) -> CreateFlags {
+        self.create_no_close_on_exit_flag = flag;
+        self
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn to_libc_int(self) -> i64 {
+        let mut flag = 0;
+        flag |= if self.create_no_environment_flag {
+            GUESTFS_CREATE_NO_ENVIRONMENT
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+        flag |= if self.create_no_close_on_exit_flag {
+            GUESTFS_CREATE_NO_CLOSE_ON_EXIT
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+        flag
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct UUID {
+    uuid: [u8; 32],
+}
+
+impl UUID {
+    pub(crate) fn new(uuid: [u8; 32]) -> UUID {
+        UUID { uuid }
+    }
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 32] {
+        self.uuid
+    }
+}

rust/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+use crate::base;
+use crate::utils;
+use std::convert;
+use std::ffi;
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
+use std::str;
+
+#[link(name = "guestfs")]
+extern "C" {
+    fn guestfs_last_error(g: *mut base::guestfs_h) -> *const c_char;
+    fn guestfs_last_errno(g: *mut base::guestfs_h) -> c_int;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct APIError {
+    operation: &'static str,
+    message: String,
+    errno: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    API(APIError),
+    IllegalString(ffi::NulError),
+    Utf8Error(str::Utf8Error),
+    Create,
+}
+
+impl convert::From<ffi::NulError> for Error {
+    fn from(error: ffi::NulError) -> Self {
+        Error::IllegalString(error)
+    }
+}
+
+impl convert::From<str::Utf8Error> for Error {
+    fn from(error: str::Utf8Error) -> Self {
+        Error::Utf8Error(error)
+    }
+}
+
+impl base::Handle {
+    pub(crate) fn get_error_from_handle(&self, operation: &'static str) -> Error {
+        let c_msg = unsafe { guestfs_last_error(self.g) };
+        let message = unsafe { utils::char_ptr_to_string(c_msg).unwrap() };
+        let errno = unsafe { guestfs_last_errno(self.g) };
+        Error::API(APIError {
+            operation,
+            message,
+            errno,
+        })
+    }
+}

rust/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+mod base;
+mod error;
+mod guestfs;
+mod utils;
+
+pub use crate::base::*;
+pub use crate::error::*;
+pub use crate::guestfs::*;

rust/src/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+use crate::error;
+use std::collections;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::ffi;
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_void};
+use std::str;
+
+extern "C" {
+    fn free(buf: *const c_void);
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct NullTerminatedIter<T: Copy + Clone> {
+    p: *const *const T,
+}
+
+impl<T: Copy + Clone> NullTerminatedIter<T> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(p: *const *const T) -> NullTerminatedIter<T> {
+        NullTerminatedIter { p }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Copy + Clone> Iterator for NullTerminatedIter<T> {
+    type Item = *const T;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<*const T> {
+        let r = unsafe { *(self.p) };
+        if r.is_null() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            self.p = unsafe { self.p.offset(1) };
+            Some(r)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+pub(crate) struct RawList<T> {
+    size: u32,
+    ptr: *const T,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct RawListIter<'a, T> {
+    current: u32,
+    list: &'a RawList<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> RawList<T> {
+    fn iter<'a>(&'a self) -> RawListIter<'a, T> {
+        RawListIter {
+            current: 0,
+            list: self,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Iterator for RawListIter<'a, T> {
+    type Item = *const T;
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<*const T> {
+        if self.current >= self.list.size {
+            None
+        } else {
+            let elem = unsafe { self.list.ptr.offset(self.current as isize) };
+            self.current += 1;
+            Some(elem)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn arg_string_list(v: &[&str]) -> Result<Vec<ffi::CString>, error::Error> {
+    let mut w = Vec::new();
+    for x in v.iter() {
+        let y: &str = x;
+        w.push(ffi::CString::new(y)?);
+    }
+    Ok(w)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn free_string_list(l: *const *const c_char) {
+    for buf in NullTerminatedIter::new(l) {
+        unsafe { free(buf as *const c_void) };
+    }
+    unsafe { free(l as *const c_void) };
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn hashmap(
+    l: *const *const c_char,
+) -> Result<collections::HashMap<String, String>, error::Error> {
+    let mut map = collections::HashMap::new();
+    let mut iter = NullTerminatedIter::new(l);
+    while let Some(key) = iter.next() {
+        if let Some(val) = iter.next() {
+            let key = unsafe { char_ptr_to_string(key) }?;
+            let val = unsafe { char_ptr_to_string(val) }?;
+            map.insert(key, val);
+        } else {
+            // Internal Error -> panic
+            panic!("odd number of items in hash table");
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(map)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn struct_list<T, S: TryFrom<*const T, Error = error::Error>>(
+    l: *const RawList<T>,
+) -> Result<Vec<S>, error::Error> {
+    let mut v = Vec::new();
+    for x in unsafe { &*l }.iter() {
+        v.push(S::try_from(x)?);
+    }
+    Ok(v)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn string_list(l: *const *const c_char) -> Result<Vec<String>, error::Error> {
+    let mut v = Vec::new();
+    for x in NullTerminatedIter::new(l) {
+        let s = unsafe { char_ptr_to_string(x) }?;
+        v.push(s);
+    }
+    Ok(v)
+}
+
+pub(crate) unsafe fn char_ptr_to_string(ptr: *const c_char) -> Result<String, str::Utf8Error> {
+    fn char_ptr_to_string_inner(ptr: *const c_char) -> Result<String, str::Utf8Error> {
+        let s = unsafe { ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ptr) };
+        let s = s.to_str()?.to_string();
+        Ok(s)
+    }
+    char_ptr_to_string_inner(ptr)
+}

rust/tests/010_load.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+#[test]
+fn load() {
+    // nop
+}

rust/tests/020_create.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+#[test]
+fn create() {
+    guestfs::Handle::create().unwrap();
+}

rust/tests/030_create_flags.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+use guestfs::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn create_flags() {
+    let _h = Handle::create_flags(CreateFlags::none()).expect("create_flags fail");
+    // TODO: Add parse_environment to check the flag is created correctly
+    let flags = CreateFlags::new().create_no_environment(true);
+    let _h = Handle::create_flags(flags).expect("create_flags fail");
+    // TODO: Add parse_environment to check the flag is created correctly
+}

rust/tests/040_create_multiple.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+fn create() -> guestfs::Handle {
+    match guestfs::Handle::create() {
+        Ok(g) => g,
+        Err(e) => panic!("fail: {:?}", e),
+    }
+}
+
+fn ignore(_x: guestfs::Handle, _y: guestfs::Handle, _z: guestfs::Handle) {
+    // drop
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn create_multiple() {
+    let x = create();
+    let y = create();
+    let z = create();
+    ignore(x, y, z)
+}

rust/tests/050_handle_properties.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+use std::default::Default;
+
+#[test]
+fn verbose() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.set_verbose(true).expect("set_verbose");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_verbose().expect("get_verbose"), true);
+    g.set_verbose(false).expect("set_verbose");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_verbose().expect("get_verbose"), false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trace() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.set_trace(true).expect("set_trace");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_trace().expect("get_trace"), true);
+    g.set_trace(false).expect("set_trace");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_trace().expect("get_trace"), false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn autosync() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.set_autosync(true).expect("set_autosync");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_autosync().expect("get_autosync"), true);
+    g.set_autosync(false).expect("set_autosync");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_autosync().expect("get_autosync"), false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn path() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.set_path(Some(".")).expect("set_path");
+    assert_eq!(g.get_path().expect("get_path"), ".");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn add_drive() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.add_drive("/dev/null", Default::default())
+        .expect("add_drive");
+}

rust/tests/070_opt_args.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+use std::default::Default;
+
+#[test]
+fn no_optargs() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.add_drive("/dev/null", Default::default())
+        .expect("add_drive");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn one_optarg() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.add_drive(
+        "/dev/null",
+        guestfs::AddDriveOptArgs {
+            readonly: Some(true),
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+    )
+    .expect("add_drive");
+}

rust/tests/080_version.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+#[test]
+fn version() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    let v = g.version().expect("version");
+    assert_eq!(v.major, 1)
+}

rust/tests/090_ret_values.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+#[test]
+fn rint() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    assert_eq!(g.internal_test_rint("10").unwrap(), 10);
+    assert!(g.internal_test_rinterr().is_err())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rint64() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    assert_eq!(g.internal_test_rint64("10").unwrap(), 10);
+    assert!(g.internal_test_rint64err().is_err())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rbool() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    assert!(g.internal_test_rbool("true").unwrap());
+    assert!(!g.internal_test_rbool("false").unwrap());
+    assert!(g.internal_test_rboolerr().is_err())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rconststring() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    assert_eq!(
+        g.internal_test_rconststring("test").unwrap(),
+        "static string"
+    );
+    assert!(g.internal_test_rconststringerr().is_err())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rconstoptstring() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    assert_eq!(
+        g.internal_test_rconstoptstring("test").unwrap(),
+        Some("static string")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(g.internal_test_rconstoptstringerr().unwrap(), None)
+}

rust/tests/100_launch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* libguestfs Rust bindings
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Hiroyuki Katsura <hiroyuki.katsura.0513@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+extern crate guestfs;
+
+use std::default::Default;
+
+#[test]
+fn launch() {
+    let g = guestfs::Handle::create().expect("create");
+    g.add_drive_scratch(500 * 1024 * 1024, Default::default())
+        .expect("add_drive_scratch");
+    g.launch().expect("launch");
+    g.pvcreate("/dev/sda").expect("pvcreate");
+    g.vgcreate("VG", &["/dev/sda"]).expect("vgcreate");
+    g.lvcreate("LV1", "VG", 200).expect("lvcreate");
+    g.lvcreate("LV2", "VG", 200).expect("lvcreate");
+
+    let lvs = g.lvs().expect("lvs");
+    assert_eq!(
+        lvs,
+        vec!["/dev/VG/LV1".to_string(), "/dev/VG/LV2".to_string()]
+    );
+
+    g.mkfs("ext2", "/dev/VG/LV1", Default::default())
+        .expect("mkfs");
+    g.mount("/dev/VG/LV1", "/").expect("mount");
+    g.mkdir("/p").expect("mkdir");
+    g.touch("/q").expect("touch");
+
+    let mut dirs = g.readdir("/").expect("readdir");
+
+    dirs.sort_by(|a, b| a.name.cmp(&b.name));
+
+    let mut v = Vec::new();
+    for x in &dirs {
+        v.push((x.name.as_str(), x.ftyp as u8));
+    }
+    assert_eq!(
+        v,
+        vec![
+            (".", b'd'),
+            ("..", b'd'),
+            ("lost+found", b'd'),
+            ("p", b'd'),
+            ("q", b'r')
+        ]
+    );
+    g.shutdown().expect("shutdown");
+}