libguestfs/lib/inspect-apps.c

/* libguestfs
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2025 Red Hat Inc.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include <config.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef HAVE_ENDIAN_H
#include <endian.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H
#include <sys/endian.h>
#endif

#if defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__
/* Define/include necessary items on MacOS X */
#include <machine/endian.h>
#define __BIG_ENDIAN    BIG_ENDIAN
#define __LITTLE_ENDIAN   LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define __BYTE_ORDER    BYTE_ORDER
#include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>
#define __bswap_32      OSSwapConstInt32
#endif /* __APPLE__ */

#include "ignore-value.h"

#include "guestfs.h"
#include "guestfs-internal.h"
#include "guestfs-internal-actions.h"
#include "structs-cleanups.h"

/* Some limits on what the inspection code will read, for safety. */

/* Maximum dpkg 'status' file we will download to /tmp. */
#define MAX_DPKG_STATUS_SIZE           (50 * 1000 * 1000)
/* Maximum APK 'installed' file we will download to /tmp. */
#define MAX_APK_INSTALLED_SIZE         (50 * 1000 * 1000)

static struct guestfs_application2_list *list_applications_rpm (guestfs_h *g, const char *root);
static struct guestfs_application2_list *list_applications_deb (guestfs_h *g, const char *root);
static struct guestfs_application2_list *list_applications_pacman (guestfs_h *g, const char *root);
static struct guestfs_application2_list *list_applications_apk (guestfs_h *g, const char *root);
static struct guestfs_application2_list *list_applications_windows (guestfs_h *g, const char *root);
static void add_application (guestfs_h *g, struct guestfs_application2_list *, const char *name, const char *display_name, int32_t epoch, const char *version, const char *release, const char *arch, const char *install_path, const char *publisher, const char *url, const char *source, const char *summary, const char *description, const char *class_);
static void sort_applications (struct guestfs_application2_list *);

/* The deprecated guestfs_inspect_list_applications call, which is now
 * just a wrapper around guestfs_inspect_list_applications2.
 */
struct guestfs_application_list *
guestfs_impl_inspect_list_applications (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  struct guestfs_application_list *ret;
  struct guestfs_application2_list *r;
  size_t i;

  /* Call the new function. */
  r = guestfs_inspect_list_applications2 (g, root);
  if (!r)
    return NULL;

  /* Translate the structures from the new format to the old format. */
  ret = safe_malloc (g, sizeof (struct guestfs_application_list));
  ret->len = r->len;
  ret->val =
    safe_malloc (g, sizeof (struct guestfs_application) * r->len);
  for (i = 0; i < r->len; ++i) {
    ret->val[i].app_name = r->val[i].app2_name;
    ret->val[i].app_display_name = r->val[i].app2_display_name;
    ret->val[i].app_epoch = r->val[i].app2_epoch;
    ret->val[i].app_version = r->val[i].app2_version;
    ret->val[i].app_release = r->val[i].app2_release;
    ret->val[i].app_install_path = r->val[i].app2_install_path;
    ret->val[i].app_trans_path = r->val[i].app2_trans_path;
    ret->val[i].app_publisher = r->val[i].app2_publisher;
    ret->val[i].app_url = r->val[i].app2_url;
    ret->val[i].app_source_package = r->val[i].app2_source_package;
    ret->val[i].app_summary = r->val[i].app2_summary;
    ret->val[i].app_description = r->val[i].app2_description;

    /* The other strings that we don't copy must be freed. */
    free (r->val[i].app2_arch);
    free (r->val[i].app2_class);
    free (r->val[i].app2_spare2);
    free (r->val[i].app2_spare3);
    free (r->val[i].app2_spare4);
  }
  free (r->val);                /* Must not free the other strings. */
  free (r);

  return ret;
}

/* Unlike the simple inspect-get-* calls, this one assumes that the
 * disks are mounted up, and reads files from the mounted disks.
 */
struct guestfs_application2_list *
guestfs_impl_inspect_list_applications2 (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  struct guestfs_application2_list *ret = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *type = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *package_format = NULL;

  type = guestfs_inspect_get_type (g, root);
  if (!type)
    return NULL;
  package_format = guestfs_inspect_get_package_format (g, root);
  if (!package_format)
    return NULL;

  if (STREQ (type, "linux") || STREQ (type, "hurd")) {
    if (STREQ (package_format, "rpm")) {
      ret = list_applications_rpm (g, root);
      if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    }
    else if (STREQ (package_format, "deb")) {
      ret = list_applications_deb (g, root);
      if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    }
    else if (STREQ (package_format, "pacman")) {
      ret = list_applications_pacman (g, root);
      if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    }
    else if (STREQ (package_format, "apk")) {
      ret = list_applications_apk (g, root);
      if (ret == NULL)
        return NULL;
    }
  }
  else if (STREQ (type, "windows")) {
    ret = list_applications_windows (g, root);
    if (ret == NULL)
      return NULL;
  }

  if (ret == NULL) {
    /* Don't know how to do inspection.  Not an error, return an
     * empty list.
     */
    ret = safe_malloc (g, sizeof *ret);
    ret->len = 0;
    ret->val = NULL;
  }

  sort_applications (ret);

  return ret;
}

static struct guestfs_application2_list *
list_applications_rpm (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  /* We don't need the ‘root’ parameter here.  The caller is supposed
   * to have mounted the guest up before calling the public API.
   */
  return guestfs_internal_list_rpm_applications (g);
}

static struct guestfs_application2_list *
list_applications_deb (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  CLEANUP_FREE char *status = NULL;
  struct guestfs_application2_list *apps = NULL, *ret = NULL;
  FILE *fp;
  char line[1024];
  size_t len;
  int32_t epoch = 0;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *name = NULL, *version = NULL, *release = NULL, *arch = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *url = NULL, *source = NULL, *summary = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *description = NULL;
  int installed_flag = 0;
  char **continuation_field = NULL;
  size_t continuation_field_len = 0;

  status = guestfs_int_download_to_tmp (g, "/var/lib/dpkg/status", NULL,
					MAX_DPKG_STATUS_SIZE);
  if (status == NULL)
    return NULL;

  fp = fopen (status, "r");
  if (fp == NULL) {
    perrorf (g, "fopen: %s", status);
    goto out;
  }

  /* Allocate 'apps' list. */
  apps = safe_malloc (g, sizeof *apps);
  apps->len = 0;
  apps->val = NULL;

  /* Read the temporary file.  Each package entry is separated by
   * a blank line.
   */
  while (fgets (line, sizeof line, fp) != NULL) {
    len = strlen (line);
    if (len > 0 && line[len-1] == '\n') {
      line[len-1] = '\0';
      len--;
    }

    /* Handling of continuation lines, which must be done before
     * checking for other headers.
     */
    if (line[0] == ' ' && continuation_field) {
      /* This is a continuation line, and this is the first line of
       * the field.
       */
      if (*continuation_field == NULL) {
        *continuation_field = safe_strdup (g, &line[1]);
        continuation_field_len = len - 1;
      }
      else {
        /* Not the first line, so append to the existing buffer
         * (with a new line before).
         */
        size_t new_len = continuation_field_len + 1 + (len - 1);
        *continuation_field = safe_realloc (g, *continuation_field,
                                            new_len + 1);
        (*continuation_field)[continuation_field_len] = '\n';
        strcpy (*continuation_field + continuation_field_len + 1, &line[1]);
        continuation_field_len = new_len;
      }
    }
    else {
      /* Not a continuation line, or not interested in it -- reset. */
      continuation_field = NULL;
      continuation_field = 0;
    }

    if (STRPREFIX (line, "Package: ")) {
      free (name);
      name = safe_strdup (g, &line[9]);
    }
    else if (STRPREFIX (line, "Status: ")) {
      installed_flag = strstr (&line[8], "installed") != NULL;
    }
    else if (STRPREFIX (line, "Version: ")) {
      free (version);
      free (release);
      char *p1, *p2;
      p1 = strchr (&line[9], ':');
      if (p1) {
        *p1++ = '\0';
        epoch = guestfs_int_parse_unsigned_int (g, &line[9]); /* -1 on error */
      } else {
        p1 = &line[9];
        epoch = 0;
      }
      p2 = strchr (p1, '-');
      if (p2) {
        *p2++ = '\0';
        release = safe_strdup (g, p2);
      } else {
        release = NULL;
      }
      version = safe_strdup (g, p1);
    }
    else if (STRPREFIX (line, "Architecture: ")) {
      free (arch);
      arch = safe_strdup (g, &line[14]);
    }
    else if (STRPREFIX (line, "Homepage: ")) {
      free (url);
      url = safe_strdup (g, &line[10]);
    }
    else if (STRPREFIX (line, "Source: ")) {
      /* A 'Source' entry may be both 'foo' and 'foo (1.0)', so make sure
       * to read only the name in the latter case.
       */
      char *space_pos = strchr (&line[8], ' ');
      if (space_pos)
        *space_pos = '\0';
      free (source);
      source = safe_strdup (g, &line[8]);
    }
    else if (STRPREFIX (line, "Description: ")) {
      free (summary);
      summary = safe_strdup (g, &line[13]);
      continuation_field = &description;
    }
    else if (STREQ (line, "")) {
      if (installed_flag && name && version && (epoch >= 0))
        add_application (g, apps, name, "", epoch, version, release ? : "",
                         arch ? : "", "", "", url ? : "", source ? : "",
                         summary ? : "", description ? : "", "");
      free (name);
      free (version);
      free (release);
      free (arch);
      free (url);
      free (source);
      free (summary);
      free (description);
      name = version = release = arch = url = source = summary = description = NULL;
      installed_flag = 0;
    }
  }

  if (fclose (fp) == -1) {
    perrorf (g, "fclose: %s", status);
    goto out;
  }

  ret = apps;

 out:
  if (ret == NULL)
    guestfs_free_application2_list (apps);
  /*
  if (fp)
    fclose (fp);
  */
  return ret;
}

static struct guestfs_application2_list *
list_applications_pacman (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  CLEANUP_FREE char *desc_file = NULL, *fname = NULL, *line = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE_DIRENT_LIST struct guestfs_dirent_list *local_db = NULL;
  struct guestfs_application2_list *apps = NULL, *ret = NULL;
  struct guestfs_dirent *curr = NULL;
  FILE *fp;
  size_t i, allocsize = 0;
  ssize_t len;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *name = NULL, *version = NULL, *desc = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *arch = NULL, *url = NULL;
  char **key = NULL, *rel = NULL, *ver = NULL, *p;
  int32_t epoch;
  const size_t path_len = strlen ("/var/lib/pacman/local/") + strlen ("/desc");

  local_db = guestfs_readdir (g, "/var/lib/pacman/local");
  if (local_db == NULL)
    return NULL;

  /* Allocate 'apps' list. */
  apps = safe_malloc (g, sizeof *apps);
  apps->len = 0;
  apps->val = NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < local_db->len; i++) {
    curr = &local_db->val[i];

    if (curr->ftyp != 'd' || STREQ (curr->name, ".") || STREQ (curr->name, ".."))
      continue;

    free (fname);
    fname = safe_malloc (g, strlen (curr->name) + path_len + 1);
    sprintf (fname, "/var/lib/pacman/local/%s/desc", curr->name);
    free (desc_file);
    desc_file = guestfs_int_download_to_tmp (g, fname, NULL, 8192);

    /* The desc files are small (4K). If the desc file does not exist or is
     * larger than the 8K limit we've used, the database is probably corrupted,
     * but we'll continue with the next package anyway.
     */
    if (desc_file == NULL)
      continue;

    fp = fopen (desc_file, "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
      perrorf (g, "fopen: %s", desc_file);
      goto out;
    }

    while ((len = getline(&line, &allocsize, fp)) != -1) {
      if (len > 0 && line[len-1] == '\n') {
        line[--len] = '\0';
      }

      /* empty line */
      if (len == 0) {
        key = NULL;
        continue;
      }

      if (key != NULL) {
        *key = safe_strdup (g, line);
        key = NULL;
        continue;
      }

      if (STREQ (line, "%NAME%"))
        key = &name;
      else if (STREQ (line, "%VERSION%"))
        key = &version;
      else if (STREQ (line, "%DESC%"))
        key = &desc;
      else if (STREQ (line, "%URL%"))
        key = &url;
      else if (STREQ (line, "%ARCH%"))
        key = &arch;
    }

    if ((name == NULL) || (version == NULL) || (arch == NULL))
      /* Those are mandatory fields. The file is corrupted */
      goto after_add_application;

    /* version: [epoch:]ver-rel */
    p = strchr (version, ':');
    if (p) {
      *p = '\0';
      epoch = guestfs_int_parse_unsigned_int (g, version); /* -1 on error */
      ver = p + 1;
    } else {
      epoch = 0;
      ver = version;
    }

    p = strchr (ver, '-');
    if (p) {
      *p = '\0';
      rel = p + 1;
    } else /* release is a mandatory field */
      goto after_add_application;

    if ((epoch >= 0) && (ver[0] != '\0') && (rel[0] != '\0'))
      add_application (g, apps, name, "", epoch, ver, rel, arch, "", "",
                       url ? : "", "", "", desc ? : "", "");

  after_add_application:
    key = NULL;
    free (name);
    free (version);
    free (desc);
    free (arch);
    free (url);
    name = version = desc = arch = url = NULL;
    rel = ver = NULL; /* haven't allocated memory for those */

    if (fclose (fp) == -1) {
      perrorf (g, "fclose: %s", desc_file);
      goto out;
    }

  }

  ret = apps;

 out:
  if (ret == NULL)
    guestfs_free_application2_list (apps);

  return ret;
}

static struct guestfs_application2_list *
list_applications_apk (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  CLEANUP_FREE char *installed = NULL, *line = NULL;
  struct guestfs_application2_list *apps = NULL, *ret = NULL;
  FILE *fp;
  size_t allocsize = 0;
  ssize_t len;
  int32_t epoch = 0;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *name = NULL, *version = NULL, *release = NULL, *arch = NULL,
    *url = NULL, *description = NULL;

  installed = guestfs_int_download_to_tmp (g, "/lib/apk/db/installed",
                                           NULL, MAX_APK_INSTALLED_SIZE);
  if (installed == NULL)
    return NULL;

  fp = fopen (installed, "r");
  if (fp == NULL) {
    perrorf (g, "fopen: %s", installed);
    goto out;
  }

  /* Allocate 'apps' list. */
  apps = safe_malloc (g, sizeof *apps);
  apps->len = 0;
  apps->val = NULL;

  /* Read the temporary file.  Each package entry is separated by
   * a blank line.  Each package line is <character>:<field>.
   */
  while ((len = getline (&line, &allocsize, fp)) != -1) {
    if (len > 0 && line[len-1] == '\n') {
      line[len-1] = '\0';
      --len;
    }

    if (len > 1 && line[1] != ':') {
      /* Invalid line format.  Should we fail instead? */
      continue;
    }

    switch (line[0]) {
    case '\0':
      if (name && version && (epoch >= 0))
        add_application (g, apps, name, "", epoch, version, release ? : "",
                         arch ? : "", "", "", url ? : "", "", "",
                         description ? : "", "");
      free (name);
      free (version);
      free (release);
      free (arch);
      free (url);
      free (description);
      name = version = release = arch = url = description = NULL;
      break;
    case 'A':
      free (arch);
      arch = safe_strdup (g, &line[2]);
      break;
    case 'P':
      free (name);
      name = safe_strdup (g, &line[2]);
      break;
    case 'T':
      free (description);
      description = safe_strdup (g, &line[2]);
      break;
    case 'U':
      free (url);
      url = safe_strdup (g, &line[2]);
      break;
    case 'V':
      free (version);
      free (release);
      char *p1, *p2;
      p1 = strchr (&line[2], ':');
      if (p1) {
        *p1++ = '\0';
        epoch = guestfs_int_parse_unsigned_int (g, &line[2]); /* -1 on error */
      } else {
        p1 = &line[2];
        epoch = 0;
      }
      p2 = strchr (p1, '-');
      if (p2) {
        *p2++ = '\0';
        /* Skip the leading 'r' in revisions. */
        if (p2[0] == 'r')
          ++p2;
        release = safe_strdup (g, p2);
      } else {
        release = NULL;
      }
      version = safe_strdup (g, p1);
      break;
    }
  }

  if (fclose (fp) == -1) {
    perrorf (g, "fclose: %s", installed);
    goto out;
  }

  ret = apps;

 out:
  if (ret == NULL)
    guestfs_free_application2_list (apps);
  /*
  if (fp)
    fclose (fp);
  */
  return ret;
}

static void list_applications_windows_from_path (guestfs_h *g, struct guestfs_application2_list *apps, const char **path, size_t path_len);
static const char *get_class_from_windows_app (guestfs_h *g, const char *name, const char *display_name, const char *publisher);

static struct guestfs_application2_list *
list_applications_windows (guestfs_h *g, const char *root)
{
  struct guestfs_application2_list *ret = NULL;
  CLEANUP_FREE char *software_hive =
    guestfs_inspect_get_windows_software_hive (g, root);
  if (!software_hive)
    return NULL;

  if (guestfs_hivex_open (g, software_hive,
                          GUESTFS_HIVEX_OPEN_VERBOSE, g->verbose,
                          GUESTFS_HIVEX_OPEN_UNSAFE, 1,
                          -1) == -1)
    return NULL;

  /* Allocate apps list. */
  ret = safe_malloc (g, sizeof *ret);
  ret->len = 0;
  ret->val = NULL;

  /* Ordinary native applications. */
  const char *hivepath[] =
    { "Microsoft", "Windows", "CurrentVersion", "Uninstall" };
  list_applications_windows_from_path (g, ret, hivepath,
                                       sizeof hivepath / sizeof hivepath[0]);

  /* 32-bit emulated Windows apps running on the WOW64 emulator.
   * http://support.microsoft.com/kb/896459 (RHBZ#692545).
   */
  const char *hivepath2[] =
    { "WOW6432node", "Microsoft", "Windows", "CurrentVersion", "Uninstall" };
  list_applications_windows_from_path (g, ret, hivepath2,
                                       sizeof hivepath2 / sizeof hivepath2[0]);

  guestfs_hivex_close (g);
  return ret;
}

static void
list_applications_windows_from_path (guestfs_h *g,
                                     struct guestfs_application2_list *apps,
                                     const char **path, size_t path_len)
{
  CLEANUP_FREE_HIVEX_NODE_LIST struct guestfs_hivex_node_list *children = NULL;
  int64_t node;
  size_t i;

  node = guestfs_hivex_root (g);

  for (i = 0; node != 0 && i < path_len; ++i)
    node = guestfs_hivex_node_get_child (g, node, path[i]);

  if (node == 0)
    return;

  children = guestfs_hivex_node_children (g, node);
  if (children == NULL)
    return;

  /* Consider any child node that has a DisplayName key.
   * See also:
   * http://nsis.sourceforge.net/Add_uninstall_information_to_Add/Remove_Programs#Optional_values
   */
  for (i = 0; i < children->len; ++i) {
    const int64_t child = children->val[i].hivex_node_h;
    int64_t value;
    CLEANUP_FREE char *name = NULL, *display_name = NULL, *version = NULL,
      *install_path = NULL, *publisher = NULL, *url = NULL, *comments = NULL;
    const char *class_;

    /* Use the node name as a proxy for the package name in Linux.  The
     * display name is not language-independent, so it cannot be used.
     */
    name = guestfs_hivex_node_name (g, child);
    if (name == NULL)
      continue;

    value = guestfs_hivex_node_get_value (g, child, "DisplayName");
    if (value) {
      display_name = guestfs_hivex_value_string (g, value);
      if (display_name) {
        value = guestfs_hivex_node_get_value (g, child, "DisplayVersion");
        if (value)
          version = guestfs_hivex_value_string (g, value);
        value = guestfs_hivex_node_get_value (g, child, "InstallLocation");
        if (value)
          install_path = guestfs_hivex_value_string (g, value);
        value = guestfs_hivex_node_get_value (g, child, "Publisher");
        if (value)
          publisher = guestfs_hivex_value_string (g, value);
        value = guestfs_hivex_node_get_value (g, child, "URLInfoAbout");
        if (value)
          url = guestfs_hivex_value_string (g, value);
        value = guestfs_hivex_node_get_value (g, child, "Comments");
        if (value)
          comments = guestfs_hivex_value_string (g, value);

        class_ = get_class_from_windows_app (g, name, display_name, publisher);

        add_application (g, apps, name, display_name, 0,
                         version ? : "",
                         "", "",
                         install_path ? : "",
                         publisher ? : "",
                         url ? : "",
                         "", "",
                         comments ? : "",
                         class_);
      }
    }
  }
}

/* Use some heuristics to classify Windows applications.  Originally
 * virt-v2v did this to detect and warn about Antivirus software, and
 * currently that is the only "classification" we have here.
 */
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_virus,     "virus",            PCRE2_CASELESS);
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_kaspersky, "kaspersky",        PCRE2_CASELESS);
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_mcafee,    "mcafee",           PCRE2_CASELESS);
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_norton,    "norton",           PCRE2_CASELESS);
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_sophos,    "sophos",           PCRE2_CASELESS);
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_trend,     "ApexOneNT",        PCRE2_CASELESS);
COMPILE_REGEXP (av_avg_tech,  "avg technologies", PCRE2_CASELESS);

static const char *
get_class_from_windows_app (guestfs_h *g,
                            const char *name,
                            const char *display_name,
                            const char *publisher)
{
  const char *fields[] = { name, display_name, publisher };
  size_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < sizeof (fields) / sizeof (fields[0]); ++i) {
    const char *field = fields[i];

    if (field) {
      if (match (g, field, av_virus) ||
          match (g, field, av_kaspersky) ||
          match (g, field, av_mcafee) ||
          match (g, field, av_norton) ||
          match (g, field, av_sophos) ||
          match (g, field, av_trend) ||
          match (g, field, av_avg_tech))
        return "antivirus";
    }
  }

  return "";
}

static void
add_application (guestfs_h *g, struct guestfs_application2_list *apps,
                 const char *name, const char *display_name, int32_t epoch,
                 const char *version, const char *release, const char *arch,
                 const char *install_path,
                 const char *publisher, const char *url,
                 const char *source, const char *summary,
                 const char *description, const char *class_)
{
  apps->len++;
  apps->val = safe_realloc (g, apps->val,
                            apps->len * sizeof (struct guestfs_application2));
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_name = safe_strdup (g, name);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_display_name = safe_strdup (g, display_name);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_epoch = epoch;
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_version = safe_strdup (g, version);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_release = safe_strdup (g, release);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_arch = safe_strdup (g, arch);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_install_path = safe_strdup (g, install_path);
  /* XXX Translated path is not implemented yet. */
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_trans_path = safe_strdup (g, "");
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_publisher = safe_strdup (g, publisher);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_url = safe_strdup (g, url);
  /* XXX The next two are not yet implemented for any package
   * format, but we could easily support them for rpm and deb.
   */
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_source_package = safe_strdup (g, source);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_summary = safe_strdup (g, summary);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_description = safe_strdup (g, description);
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_class = safe_strdup (g, class_);
  /* XXX Reserved for future use. */
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_spare2 = safe_strdup (g, "");
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_spare3 = safe_strdup (g, "");
  apps->val[apps->len-1].app2_spare4 = safe_strdup (g, "");
}

/* Sort applications by name before returning the list. */
static int
compare_applications (const void *vp1, const void *vp2)
{
  const struct guestfs_application2 *v1 = vp1;
  const struct guestfs_application2 *v2 = vp2;

  return strcmp (v1->app2_name, v2->app2_name);
}

static void
sort_applications (struct guestfs_application2_list *apps)
{
  if (apps && apps->val)
    qsort (apps->val, apps->len, sizeof (struct guestfs_application2),
           compare_applications);
}